Rabu, 28 Oktober 2009

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS


Reading

MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships is the first step in the development of a multinational business. At this stage, however the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market. As trade expands, the corporation’s dealing with companies or people outside the “home country” of that corporation increase.

The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

Since World War II, multinational corporations have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinational have become well-known in the world marketplace: International Business Machines (IBM), Royal Dutch Shell, Panasonic, Coca-Cola, and Volkwagen. Coca-Cola, for example, now has operations in more then 180 countries.

A multinational corporation operates in a complex business environment. Cultural, social, economic, political, and technological system vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment.

Comprehension

A. Answer the following questions about multinationals. Questions with asteris (*) cannot be answered directly from the text.

1. What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?

2. Where is the comapany’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?

3. What market does a multinational corporation focus on?

4. A company may establish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries? What are three forms that these operations may take?

5. What is a multinational corporation?

6 When have multinationals grown rapidly? *Why do you think they have experienced this period of rapid growth?

7. *What are some products that are produced by the following multinational corporations: IBM, Coca-Cola, Panasonic, Shell, and Volkswagen?

8. *Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex business environment than a domestic company?

9. *What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to country?

10. Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign business environments? *How can a multinational gain this understanding?

Answer:

A. 1. The first step (it) is establishing the trade relationship with another country.

2. The companies emphasis (it) is still on the domestic market.

3. A multinational corporation (it) focuses on the world market.

4. The three forms (they) are: It may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, and build a foreign manufacturing company or a subsidiary.

5. A multinational corporation (it) is a company that is primary based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

6. Multinationals (they) have grown rapidly since World War II. Because during the war many countries knew what recurces are scarce or abundant in other countries.

7. IBM: International Business Machines, Royal Dutch Shell oil, Panasonic electronic, Coca-Cola softdrink, Volkswagen automobiles.

8. Because a multinational corporation focuses on the world market, and each country has its own system: culturally, economically, politically and technologically. Where as a domestic company only operates in one country which its system its already familiar.

9. Socially: In Japan life time employment system is applied, where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used.

Politically: Thailand is monarchism, Indonesia is democratic.

10. In order to operate successfully. This understanding can be gained through market research.

B. Determine which of the following statement are true and which are false. Then put T

or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.

1. T Multinaltional corporations have grown rapidly since 1945.

2. F Any company engaged in international trade is a multinational business.

3. T In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs to be aware of national and international business environments

4. F A multinational corporation focuses on its “home country,” or domestic market.

5. F A multinational company does not establish factories in foreign countries.

Vocabulary Exercises

A.Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.

B.Look at the terms in the left-hand colomn and find the correct synonyms or definiti-

Ons in the right-hand colomn. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.

1. j corporation (line 5) a. chiefly; principally

2. e expand (line 6) b. function in; work in

3. g view (line 8) c. change

4. i stage (line 5) d. a company having more than half of its stock

owned by another company

5. a primarily (line 13) e. increase the dimensions of

6. h base (line 8) f. growth; expansion

7. c vary (line 21) g. see; look at

8. d subsidiary (line 21) h. foundation

9. b operate in (line 20) i. a step in development

10.f development (line 4) j. a type of business organization formed by an

association of stockholders

C.Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the most appropriate terms form the

list.

base operate in appreciation of expands

vary corporation development subsidiary

staged involved in view relationship

During the development of a corporation, the organizational structure may vary over time and pass through a number of stages . As the corporation grows, it expands its operations. It might become involved in setting up a subsidiary . Although the corporation still has a primary or “home base ,” establishment of a subsidiary allow the company to enter into new relationship with a view toward increasing its production and marketing capabilities.

Text Analysis

Look at the reading to answer these questions.

1.What does each of the following refer to?

LINES WORDS REFERENTS

2 it a company

5 this stage first step

17 IBM International Business Machine

2.Match the connective words or phrases with the appropriate functions.

c however (line 5) a. summarizing

d then (line 8) b. illustrating

a therefore (line 12) c. contrasting

b for example (line 18) d. sequencing information

3.Summarize the two general steps in the development of a multinational corporation.

a. establishing these trade relationship. (line 3-5)

b. focusing on the world market. (line 8-10)

4.Sometimes the definition of a term takes this form:

a controls the

A restrictive trade law is law that → number of goods

imported or exported

that

term being defined verb to be class→ which → definition

This type of definition is known as a formal definition. In a formal definition the term or word being defined occurs first. It is followed by the verb to be (usually is ar are). Next the class states the general group that the term belongs to:

TERMS CLASSES

multinational corporation company

typewriter business machine

absolute advantage theory of specialization

After the class, either that or which is used. Finally, the definition itself includes information distinguishing this term other members of its class.

Write formal definitions for multinational corporation (page 56), corporation (page 57), and subsidiary (page 57).

a. A multinational corporation is a company that is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

b.

c.

5.Formal definitions may be shortened to a more general form, which includes less information. This is often called a semiformal definition. The class, that or which, and the verb to be are omitted.

A restrictive trade law controls → the number of goods imported or exported

Term being defined verb → definition

Change the formal definition from the previous exercise into semiformal definitions.

a A multinational corporation is primatily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.

b.

c.

TENSES

Pr – Present; Ps-Past; S-Simple; C-Continuous; F-Future; Pf-Perfect

1. Pr.S - He writes many letters everyday. (habitual action)

2. Ps.S - He wrote m.1 yesterday. (occurred in the past)

3. Pr.C - It is writing m.1 now. (is occurring right now)

4. Ps.C - He was writing m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the

past).

5. Pr.F - He will write m.1 tomorrow. (will happen in the future).

6. Ps.F - He would write m.1 yesterday, but he didn’t have time.

7. Pr.Pf - He has written m.1 already (has just happened now).

8. Ps.Pf - He had written m.1 when it rained yesterday. (two actions in the past)

9. Pr.Fc - He will be writing m.1 when you visit him tomorrow. (in the future)

10.Ps.Fc - He would be writing m.1 when you visited him yesterday. (in the past)

11.Pr.FPf - He will have written m.1 when you come tomorrow (in the future)

12.Ps.FPf - He would have written m.1 when you come yesterday. (in the past)

13.Pr.Pfc - He has been writing m.1 for two days until now. (continuosly from past

until now).

14.Ps.Pfc - He had been writting m.1 for two days until yesterday (continuosly

from past to past)

15.Pr.Fpf.C - He will have been writing m.1 for two days will tomorrow. (until in the

future)

16.Pr.F.Pfc - He would have been writing m.1 for two days until yesterday. (until in

the past)


---------SELESAI--------

Kamis, 08 Oktober 2009

TUGAS ANALISIS SISTEM INFORMASI

ANALISA SISTEM SECURE PARKING

Pengenalan Sistem dalam Secure Parking:
Secure Parking tempat keluar masuknya Motor / Mobil yang ingin menitipkan kendaraannya di tempat yang telah disediakan.
Dalam hal ini kami mencoba mengambil Secure Parking di :
Tempat : Depok Town Square
Alamat : Jl. Margonda, Depok
Kepala Parkir : Wahyudi

Di sini kami akan menjelaskan beberapa hal yang kami ketahui tentang Secure Parking.
Pertama-tama pada setiap motor/mobil yang masuk Loket Parkir akan mencatat Nomor Polisi masing-masing kendaraan yang masuk. Pada kendaraan yang bernomor Polisi Jakarta dan Sekitarnya tidak perlu mencatat kode daerahnya, melainkan hanya nomor serinya saja. Semua data-data yang telah dicatat dalam system yang terhubung dengan Form-form tertentu yang kemudian dilaporkan kepada Manajemen Sistem tersebut, dan dipimpin oleh ISS (Perusahaan asing di Denmark).

Sistem-sistem yang digunakan dalam Secure Parking :

1. Sistem Jaringan Berbasis Linux
Komputer : Jaringan ini memiliki 4 pos (2 untuk motor dan 2 untuk mobil) yang langsung terhubung ke Server di office, pos depan hanya bertugas sebagai penginputan dan pengiriman data ke server.

2. Sistem Personil
Dalam Sistem Parkir ini memakai system shift untuk pergantian Karyawan yang menjaga di setiap Pos-pos yaitu dengan menggunakan Sistem Log in dan Log out.
Jadwal shift terbagi menjadi 4 shift :
- Shift 1 pagi jam 06.00-14.00 wib
- Shift 2 middle jam 10.00-18.00 wib
- Shift 3 siang jam14.00-22.00 wib
- Shift 4 malam jam 22.00-06.00 wib

3. Sistem Pembukuan
Seperti halnya Perusahaan besar tempat parkir ini juga memiliki pembukuan untuk Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran tempat Parkir tersebut. Penyetoran dilakukan setiap hari kepada Manajemen ISS atau Mall Depok Town Square apabila terjadi pergantian shift.

4. Sistem Organsasi
Tempat parkir ini juga Memiliki system organisasi sbb :
CPC-Admin-Supervisor-Leader-Kasir-Attend
Keterangan :
- CPC (Car Park Control)
Adalah kepala area yang bertanggung jawab atas keseluruhan manajemen.
- Admin :
Bertanggung jawab memasukkan data , logistic, setoran, pencatatan masalah.
- Supervisor :
Bertanggung jawab untuk mengawasi semua kegiatan parkir.
- Leader :
Bertanggung jawab dalam mem-backup supervisor, mengganti alat-alat yang rusak dan yang habis dipakai.
- Kasir :
Petugas pos luar.
- Attend :
Petugas lapangan yang bertanggung jawab atas keamanan.

5. Sistem Penginputan
Sistem penginputan dalam Tempat Parkir ini ialah dengan mencatat no seri setiap kendaraan yang masuk, lalu si Pengendara mendapatkan Karcis untuk tiket ia keluar dari Parkiran.

6. Sistem Pengoutputan
Sistem Pengoutputan dilakukan dengan memberikan Karcis yang kita terima saat masuk ke Pos Penjagaan “Keluar”. Tempat Parkir ini juga mengenakan tarif untuk setiap kendaraan.
TARIF :
MOBIL 2 (dua) Jam Pertama Rp. 2000
Jam Seterusnya Rp. 2000
Maksimal Rp. 7500
MOTOR 2 (dua) Jam Pertama Rp. 1000
Jam Seterusnya Rp. 1000
Maksimal Rp. 4000



Gambar : Form cheklist mobil yang masuk Gambar : Output struk parkir kendaraan




Gambar : Penginputan no polisi kendaraan















Rabu, 07 Oktober 2009

Tugas Analisis Sistem Informasi



ANALISA SISTEM SECURE PARKING


Pengenalan Sistem dalam Secure Parking

Secure Parking tempat keluar masuknya Motor / Mobil yang ingin menitipkan kendaraannya di tempat yang telah disediakan. Dalam hal ini kami mencoba mengambil Secure Parking di :

Tempat : Depok Town Square

Alamat : Jl. Margonda, Depok

Kepala Parkir : Wahyudi

Di sini kami akan menjelaskan beberapa hal yang kami ketahui tentang Secure Parking.

Pertama-tama pada setiap motor/mobil yang masuk Loket Parkir akan mencatat Nomor Polisi masing-masing kendaraan yang masuk. Pada kendaraan yang bernomor Polisi Jakarta dan Sekitarnya tidak perlu mencatat kode daerahnya, melainkan hanya nomor serinya saja. Semua data-data yang telah dicatat dalam system yang terhubung dengan Form-form tertentu yang kemudian dilaporkan kepada Manajemen Sistem tersebut, dan dipimpin oleh ISS (Perusahaan asing di Denmark).

Sistem-sistem yang digunakan dalam Secure Parking :

  • Sistem Jaringan Berbasis Linux

Komputer

Jaringan ini memiliki 4 pos (2 untuk motor dan 2 untuk mobil) yang langsung terhubung ke Server di office, pos depan hanya bertugas sebagai penginputan dan pengiriman data ke server.

  • Sistem Personil

Dalam Sistem Parkir ini memakai system shift untuk pergantian Karyawan yang menjaga di setiap Pos-pos yaitu dengan menggunakan Sistem Log in dan Log out.

Jadwal shift terbagi menjadi 4 shift :

- Shift 1 pagi jam 06.00-14.00 wib

- Shift 2 middle jam 10.00-18.00 wib

- Shift 3 siang jam14.00-22.00 wib

- Shift 4 malam jam 22.00-06.00 wib

  • Sistem Pembukuan

Seperti halnya Perusahaan besar tempat parkir ini juga memiliki pembukuan untuk Pemasukan dan Pengeluaran tempat Parkir tersebut. Penyetoran dilakukan setiap hari kepada Manajemen ISS atau Mall Depok Town Square apabila terjadi pergantian shift.

  • Sistem Organsasi

Tempat parkir ini juga Memiliki system organisasi sbb :

Keterangan

CPC (Car Park Control)

Adalah kepala area yang bertanggung jawab atas keseluruhan manajemen.

Admin

Bertanggung jawab memasukkan data , logistic, setoran, pencatatan masalah.

Supervisor

Bertanggung jawab untuk mengawasi semua kegiatan parkir.

Leader

Bertanggung jawab dalam mem-backup supervisor, mengganti alat-alat yang rusak dan yang habis dipakai.

Kasir

Petugas pos luar.

Attend

Petugas lapangan yang bertanggung jawab atas keamanan.

  • Sistem Penginputan

Sistem penginputan dalam Tempat Parkir ini ialah dengan mencatat no seri setiap kendaraan yang masuk, lalu si Pengendara mendapatkan Karcis untuk tiket ia keluar dari Parkiran.

  • Sistem Pengoutputan

Sistem Pengoutputan dilakukan dengan memberikan Karcis yang kita terima saat masuk ke Pos Penjagaan “Keluar”. Tempat Parkir ini juga mengenakan tarif untuk setiap kendaraan.

TARIF :

MOBIL 2 (dua) Jam Pertama Rp. 2000

Jam Seterusnya Rp. 2000

Maksimal Rp. 7500

MOTOR 2 (dua) Jam Pertama Rp. 1000

Jam Seterusnya Rp. 1000

Maksimal Rp. 4000

Output

input







form checklist